Erectable trough

ABSTRACT

A trough comprises elongate trough body ( 12 ) and at least one elongate support element ( 14, 15 ). The trough body comprises at least one longitudinal side wall portion ( 18,19 ) and a bottom portion ( 16 ) which are integral with one another, or attacked to one another along respective longitudinal edges. The support element extends along the outer face of the side wall portion, lower than an upper edge of the side wall portion but higher than the bottom portion. The support element may be restrained from moving outward, away from a longitudinal trough centreline, by connecting a restraint located inside the trough to the support element. The side wall portion is maintained upright partly by tension in the support element or in the restraint. In one embodiment, a plastics sheet material is bent into a U-shaped animal feed trough with opposite side walls ( 18,19 ) supported upright by tension in longitudinal supporting wires ( 14,15 ) and transverse restraint wires ( 26 ), the ends of which connect to the support wires through respective perforations ( 30 ) in the side walls.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a trough and in particular to a troughfrom which farm animals can feed. The trough is open-topped and issuited for containment of feed materials for feeding out simultaneouslyto a large number of animals, for example sheep or cattle. The troughcan be advantageously used in conjunction with one or more overheadelectrified wires to reduce contamination and wastage of the feedmaterial by deterring animals from walking or encroaching into or ontothe trough.

BACKGROUND

Many animal feeding systems are known. Dry feed material can bedistributed directly onto the ground or floor but significant wastagecan occur from trampling and soiling by the animals. It is known tocontain the dry feed in troughs or other containment devices to reducespoilage from the animals. These devices often provide only a shortperimeter length at which only a limited number of animals can accessthe feed. Where large numbers of animals are grouped together, shyfeeders can be disadvantaged by not getting access to the feed materialuntil the more dominant animals are sated, leaving less desirable oreven insufficient feed remaining.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

An object of at least one embodiment of the invention is to provide atrough for containing feed material, or at least to provide the publicwith a useful choice.

In a first aspect, the invention may be broadly said to be a troughcomprising an elongate trough body and at least one elongate supportelement, wherein:

-   -   the trough body comprises a bottom portion of the trough body        and at least one side wall portion of the trough body;    -   the side wall portion extends along a longitudinal side of the        trough;    -   a lower longitudinal edge of the side wall portion is attached        to, or continuous with, a longitudinal edge of the bottom        portion;    -   the at least one elongate support element extends along the        outer face of the side wall portion and is lower than an upper        edge of the side wall portion but higher than the bottom        portion; and    -   the side wall portion is maintained upright at least in part by        tension in the elongate support element.

In a second aspect, the invention may be broadly said to be a troughcomprising an elongate trough body and at least one elongate supportelement, wherein:

-   -   the trough body comprises a bottom portion of the trough body        and at least one side wall portion of the trough body;    -   the side wall portion extends along a longitudinal side of the        trough;    -   a lower longitudinal edge of the side wall portion is attached        to, or continuous with, a longitudinal edge of the bottom        portion;    -   the elongate support element extends along the outer face of the        side wall portion and is lower than an upper edge of the side        wall portion but higher than the bottom portion;        at least one restraint is located substantially inside the        trough;        the elongate support element is connected to the restraint and        is restrained from moving outward, away from a longitudinal        centreline of the trough, at least in part by a tension in the        restraint; and    -   the side wall portion is maintained upright at least in part by        the tension in the restraint.

Preferably, the restraint extends transversely from one side of thetrough to the other. The restraint may be a wire. Preferably, the atleast one side wall portion has at least one perforation, and an outerend of the restraint extends outwardly through the perforation toconnect to the support element. An outer end of the restraint may beformed with a loop through which the at least one elongate supportelement passes to connect the support element to the restraint.

The restraint may be a substantially rigid U-shaped bracket that extendstransversely across the trough. The at least one elongate supportelement may be substantially rigid.

Preferably, the side wall portion is maintained upright at least in partby tension in the elongate support element.

The at least one support elongate element may be tensioned between twoanchor devices which are located at respective ends of the supportelement. The at least one support element may be supported at apredetermined height at one or more locations intermediate its ends. Theat least one support element may be a wire.

Preferably, the trough body has two opposed side wall portions whichextend along respective opposite longitudinal sides of the trough

-   -   the trough has at least two elongate support elements which        extend along respective outer faces of the two side wall        portions;    -   each side wall portion has perforations which are distributed        along the length of the trough;    -   the perforations in one side wall portion are respectively        aligned transversely across the trough with corresponding        perforations in the opposite side wall portion; and        a plurality of restraints are located substantially inside the        trough with opposite ends of each restraint extending outwardly        through respective pairs of transversely aligned perforations to        connect respectively to the elongate support elements.

The side wall portion may be integral with the bottom portion.

Preferably, the trough body is formed from a sheet. Preferably, thesheet is continuous along the length of the trough. Alternatively, thetrough may comprises discrete length portions that are distributed alongthe length of the trough, and are formed from respective sheets. Thediscrete length portions may be distributed along the length of thetrough with adjacent discrete portions partially overlapping oneanother.

The sheet or each respective sheet may be made of a resilient semi-rigidmaterial. The sheet or each respective sheet may be made of a plasticsmaterial. The sheet or each respective sheet may be provided with a lineof weakness about which the sheet or each respective sheetpreferentially bends when the side wall portion is made non-planar withthe bottom portion. The sheet or each respective sheet may be creased toprovide the line of weakness. The sheet or each respective sheet may beprovided with perforations along the line of weakness.

Preferably, the bottom portion is perforated to provide one or moredrainage holes.

The term ‘comprising’ as used in this specification or in theaccompanying claims means ‘consisting at least in part of’, that is tosay when interpreting statements in this specification or in theaccompanying claims which include that term, the features, prefaced bythat term in each statement, all need to be present but other featurescan also be present.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments and methods of utilising the invention will befurther described, with reference to the accompanying figures, by way ofexample only and without intending to be limiting, wherein;

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of part of a first trough according tothe current invention;

FIG. 2 shows a partly diagrammatic transverse cross-sectional view of asecond trough according to the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a partly diagrammatic transverse cross-sectional view of athird trough according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of part of a fourth trough according tothe current invention; and

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of representative end portions of afifth trough according to the current invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the figures it will be appreciated that the invention maybe implemented in various forms and modes. The following description ofpreferred embodiments of the invention is given by way of example only.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of part of a first embodiment of atrough 10. The trough is placed on the ground, for example out in apaddock, or alternatively on a floor surface, for example in a barn.

The trough is elongate and comprises an elongate trough body 12 and twoelongate support elements in the form of longitudinal supports 14, 15.

The trough body is made from a sheet material that provides a floor orbottom portion 16 of the trough body, and two opposed side wall portionswhich extend upwardly from opposite elongate side edges of the floorportion to form the trough side walls 18, 19. The sheet material is laidout on a floor or ground surface and folded, bent or curved along twospaced and generally parallel lines to form both trough side wallsintegrally with the trough floor.

The longitudinal supports 14, 15 extend along respective outer faces 20of the opposite side walls below the upper edges 22, 23 of the sidewalls 18, 19 but higher than the floor or bottom portion 16 of thetrough. The side walls are maintained upright at least in part by therespective supports 14, 15.

The longitudinal supports 14, 15 may each be made from a rigid orsemi-rigid material, for example a tube or pipe or a high tensile steelwire or rod.

Alternatively, the side walls may be maintained upright at least in partby tension in the respective supports 14, 15. The supports 14, 15 may bewires that are tensioned between two anchor devices (not shown in thefigures) located at respective opposite ends of the wires.

The longitudinal supports 14, 15 can be supported at a predeterminedheight by one or more blocks or posts at intermediate locations betweenthe ends of the support wires. This is particularly useful to holdsupport wires at a desired height above an uneven ground surface, forexample where the trough extends over a relatively high point and thetension in the support wires could tend to pull the support wires downand collapse the side walls, or conversely where the trough extends overa relatively low point and the tension in the support wires could tendto lift the support wires and the side walls, and at least partiallyclose the trough. Where the trough is placed on the ground, the blocksor posts may be a peg 25 driven into the ground as shown in FIG. 1. Thesupport may be secured to the top or a side face of the peg, for exampleby a U-shaped staple or other suitable fastener.

Perforations 30 are provided in the trough side walls 18, 19. As shownin FIG. 1, the perforations are approximately at a mid-height positionin the side walls. The perforations may be provided at other heights.The perforations are provided as pairs of transversely-alignedperforations with the two perforations of each pair respectivelyprovided in the two opposed side walls. The pairs of perforations aredistributed at intervals, e.g. at 2 metre intervals, along the length ofthe trough body.

Restraints 26 extend transversely across the width of the trough. Asbest seen in the two magnified part views of FIG. 1, loops 27 at theends of the restraints protrude partially through respectiveperforations 30 in the side walls. The supports 14, 15 lying along theouter faces of the side walls pass through the loops to restrain thesupports, and thus the side walls, from outward movement, i.e. movementaway from the longitudinal centreline of the trough.

The side walls 18, 19 are restrained and held upright, at least in part,by the restraints 26 and by the two supports 18, 19. Where a restraint26 or a support 18, 19 is a wire, the side walls 18, 19 may berestrained and held upright, at least in part, by tension in therestraint wire or the support wire.

Each restraint 26, including the end loops 27, may be fashioned from alength of wire, as seen in FIG. 1. The restraints may be flexible sothat if pressure is applied to the outer face of a side wall 18, 19, forexample by an animal feeding at the trough, the side wall can bendinward at least in the in the locality of the applied pressure.

In another embodiment (not shown in the figures), two or more elongatesupport wires can be used along one or each side wall of the trough. Forexample, a high trough side wall can be supported by a pair of supportwires, one above the other, with the support wires connected to the endsof respective upper and lower sets of transverse restraint wires throughrespective upper and lower sets of perforations in the side walls.

Inward movement of the side walls 18, 19 may be restrained by one ormore compression elements (not shown in the figures), with eachcompression element extending transversely across a major part of thewidth of the trough, between the two side walls. For example, eachrestraint wire 26 may be threaded through a respective tube that islocated between the side walls to help reduce inward movement of theside walls and maintain the distance between the two side walls. Thetube may be a length of alkathene pipe.

The tubes may have a diameter that is greater than that of theperforations 30 in the side walls so that the end of the tube cannotpass through the perforation and instead engages against the inner faceof a respective side wall. Alternatively, where a tube has a diameterless than that of the perforations, a washer or similar device, havingan outer dimension that is greater than the diameter of the perforations30 in the side walls, and perforated with a hole with a diameter that issmaller than the tube diameter, is placed between a respective end ofthe tube and the inner face of the side wall.

The sheet material is preferably a resilient, semi-rigid plasticsmaterial such as a heavy duty polyethylene, polythene or polypropylene.The trough side walls may be biased to push outwards against the supportwires by the inherent resilience, or ‘memory’, of the sheet material.The rigidity of the sheet material is sufficient so that the upper edgeportion of the upright side walls, which is cantilevered above thesupport wires 14, 15, is maintained substantially upright. In currentlypreferred embodiments, the trough body is a polyethylene plastics sheetmaterial with a thickness of either 2 mm or 3 mm. However, the inventionis not limited to troughs having bodies made from the above-mentionedsheet plastics materials and sheet thicknesses.

Alternatively, or additionally, inward movement of the side walls 18, 19may be restrained by making the transverse restraints sufficiently rigidand securing the outer ends of the restraints to the side walls. In anarrangement not shown in the figures, enlargements, for example loops27, at the outer ends of the transverse restraints 26, 76 may besecured, for example by tying with a cable tie passing through acorresponding perforation 30 in one of the trough side walls 18, 19, toan object, for example a washer or short length of pipe or tube that islocated at the outside of the trough wall. Each enlargement at an end ofa restraint, and the washer, pipe or tube to which it is tied, has adimension larger than the diameter of the corresponding perforation 30in the side wall 18, 19 so that the enlargement and the washer, pipe ortube cannot pass through the perforation. In this way the side wall issecured to the end of the restraint. The side walls may be held outward,at least in part, by rigidity in the restraints.

A wave, or upright ribs or corrugations, may be formed in the side wallsto enhance the rigidity of the side walls. The wave or ribs orcorrugations may be pre-formed in the longitudinal edge portions of thesheet material by thermoforming, or by stretching the material beyondits elastic limit. The wave or corrugations stiffen the side walls andhelp support the side walls, and particularly the cantilevered upperedge portion of the side walls above the support wires 14, 15, in anupright position.

The sheet material may be provided with lines of weakness (not shown inthe figures) about which the sheet material preferentially bends whenthe side walls are erected. The lines of weakness may be formed bycreasing the sheet, or by forming indentations or perforations in thesheet, along the intended lines of weakness.

The trough may be perforated with drainage holes (not shown in thefigures) to allow rain water or other liquids to readily drain from thetrough.

The sheet material may be continuous along the length of the troughbody. Alternatively, the trough body may be divided into discrete bodyportions that are distributed along the length of the trough body.Preferably the discrete body portions are distributed along the lengthof the trough body with adjacent body portions partially overlapping oneanother, as can be seen in the overlap 29 shown in FIG. 1.

Respective pairs of side wall perforations in each of two overlappingbody portions may be aligned and the loops at the ends of one restraintwire 26A passed through the perforations to restrain the support wiresand maintain the overlap 29 between the two adjacent body portions.

The trough according to the invention described in this specificationcan be extended to any desired length, if necessary by joiningoverlapping body portions as described above, over a flat or undulatingsurface, to provide access for any desired number of animals to feedsimultaneously. This allows all animals in a group to access sufficientfeed without disadvantaging shy feeders that might be reluctant tocompete against more dominant animals in restricted feedingarrangements.

The ends of the trough can be closed but generally end closures are notnecessary if only dry (i.e. not liquid) feed material is used in thetrough and the feed material is not placed near the ends of the trough.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show partly diagrammatic transverse cross-sectional viewsof second and third embodiments of the invention. Features correspondingto those discussed above and labelled in FIG. 1 are labelled with likenumerals in FIGS. 2 and 3.

FIG. 2 shows a generally U-shaped cross-section of the trough bodyformed from the sheet material. The transitions between the troughbottom and the two side walls may be curved as shown, or may be foldedor creased to give a smaller radius of curvature.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a trough according to the inventionis used in conjunction with generally horizontal electrified wires 40,41 which extend parallel to and above the trough. The wires aresuspended from the outer ends of a plurality of spaced apart outriggers.Each outrigger comprises a pair of arms 42, 44 which are freelysuspended from an insulating hanger 45 that is pivotably attached to arespective support post 46. Each support post is driven into the groundthrough a suitably sized aperture in the bottom 16 of the trough 10.Alternatively, each outrigger is freely suspended from an insulatinghanger 45 that is pivotably attached to a generally horizontal wirewhich is tensioned between a pair of posts, similarly to the arrangementshown in FIG. 5.

The electrified wires are each tensioned between two anchor devices (notshown in the figures), e.g. posts, which are located at respectiveopposite ends of the electrified wires. The outriggers are distributedalong the length of the trough to support the electrified wires at apredetermined height above the trough. The height of the electrifiedwires is selected to allow animals to feed from the trough but deter theanimals from walking or trampling on the trough or the feed material inthe trough. The electrified wires, if contacted by an animal, canreadily move away from a rest position without being substantiallydeformed or damaged, and can then return back to the rest position afterthe animal has recoiled from the electric shock.

This arrangement reduces wastage and spoilage of the feed material whichis generally contained within the trough in an unspoiled anduncontaminated condition until consumed by the feeding animals.

In other alternative trough embodiments the support wires, instead ofbeing restrained against outward movement by the restraint wires 26described above, are restrained and supported by one or more U-shapedbrackets. Each bracket has a pair of limbs which extend upward fromopposite ends of a middle body portion. The brackets are substantiallyrigid, or semi-rigid and resilient and may be made from spring steel.

In one trough embodiment (not shown in the figures) a U-shaped bracketis located outside the trough body. The middle body portion of thebracket extends transversely across the trough under the floor or bottomportion of the trough body. The two limbs of the bracket are positionedupright outside the respective trough side walls. The longitudinalsupport wires are secured to the upper ends of the bracket limbs torestrain the support wires from inward and outward movement and tosupport the support wires at a desired height.

FIG. 3 shows another trough embodiment, with a U-shaped bracket 50located largely, but not completely, inside the trough body. Featurescorresponding to those discussed above and labelled in FIGS. 1 and 2 arelabelled with like numerals in FIG. 3. The trough has a generallyU-shaped cross-section and is formed from the sheet material.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the middle body portion of thebracket sits on, and extends transversely across, the floor or bottom ofthe trough body. Each of the two limbs 52, 53 of the bracket ispositioned upright to extend upward inside each respective side wall 18,19 of the trough. A return portion 54, 55 at the upper end of the limbextends over the top edge 22, 23 of the wall and down the outside of thewall. A support wire 14, 15 is secured to the lower end of the returnportion 54, 55, located part way down the outside of the side wall 18,19, to restrain the support wire from inward and outward movement and tosupport the support wire at a desired height. The upper portion of theside wall is held between return portion of the limb and the remainderof the limb to restrain the wall from both inward and outward movement.A tie, for example a cord or wire 56, may be passed under the bottom ofthe trough body to help hold the trough body in the U-shapedcross-section and the trough side walls in place.

FIG. 4 shows another trough embodiment, with a U-shaped bracket 60located largely, but not completely, inside the trough body. Featurescorresponding to those discussed above and labelled in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3are labelled with like numerals in FIG. 4. The trough has a generallyrounded U-shaped cross-section and is formed from the sheet material.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the bracket sits 60 on, and extendstransversely across the floor or bottom of the trough body and up theinside of each respective trough side wall 18, 19. Respective returnportions 64, 65 extend over the top edge 22, 23 and part way down theoutside of each wall. A grip portion 66, 67 at each end of the bracketextends substantially horizontally and inter-engages a respectivesupport wire 14, 15. The inter-engagement is by a twist, in the gripportion itself and/or in a corresponding portion of the support wires.

The opposite ends of an elongate tie 68, for example a cord or wire, areconnected to a respective grip portion 66, 67 or support wire 14, 15, ator adjacent their twisted engagement. The tie 68 passes under the bottomof the trough body to help hold the trough body in the rounded U-shapedcross-section and the trough side walls in place.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the side walls 18, 19 do notneed to be provided with apertures, similar to the apertures 30 seen inFIGS. 1 and 2, through which a transverse restraint is passed to helpmaintain the support wires 14, 15 at the desired height along the sidewalls.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, where features already describedabove and shown in the previous figures are correspondingly labelled, anelongate trough body 12 is supported by two longitudinal support wires14, 15. Each of the support wires is tensioned between two strainerposts 71, 72 which are located at respective opposite ends of the wires.A substantially horizontal transverse spreader 73, 74 may be locatedbetween each strainer post and a respective end of the trough body 12 tohold the two support wires apart by a distance that is approximately thesame as a desired width of the trough.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 and2, in that: the support wires 14, 15 extend along respective outer facesof the opposite side walls 18, 19 below the upper edges of the sidewalls but higher than the floor or bottom portion 16 of the trough; thetrough side walls are maintained upright at least in part by tension inthe respective support wires 14, 15; pairs of transversely-alignedperforations are provided in the opposed trough side walls, for exampleat a mid-height position in the side walls; and the pairs ofperforations are distributed at intervals along the length of the troughbody.

As seen in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a restraint 26 may extendtransversely across the width of the trough, between respectiveengagements at each outer end of the restraint wire with one of theelongate support wires 14, 15, through respective perforations in atrough side wall 18, 19. Alternatively or additionally, as seen in theembodiment shown in FIG. 5, a restraint 76 may extend transverselyacross part of the width of the trough, from an engagement of the outerend of the restraint 76 with one of the elongate support wires 14, 15,through a respective perforation in a trough side wall 18, 19, to anattachment of the restraint 76 to an upright post 77 which extendsupward through a suitably sized aperture in the trough floor 16. Theengagement of the outer ends of the restraints 26, 76 with the elongatesupport wires may be similar to that described above and shown in FIG. 1or 2.

Each restraint 26, 76 may be fashioned from a length of wire. Therestraints 26, 76 may be flexible so that if pressure is applied to theouter face of a side wall 18, 19, for example by an animal feeding atthe trough, the side wall can bend inward.

The upright orientation of the side walls may be facilitated by slopingthe restraint wire 76 upward from its outer end toward its attachment tothe respective post 77. Alternatively (and not shown in FIG. 5), arestraint wire 76 may slope downward from its outer end toward itsattachment to the respective post 77 or to the floor 16 of the trough,or may be substantially horizontal.

The side walls 18, 19 may be supported upright, at least in part, bytension in one or more of the transverse restraint wires 26, 76.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, generally horizontal electrifiedwires 40, 41 extend parallel to and above the trough. The wires aresuspended from the outer ends of spaced apart outriggers 43. Eachoutrigger is freely suspended from a hanger 45 that is pivotablyattached to a substantially horizontal top wire 79. The ends of the topwire may be respectively attached to the two strainer posts 71, 72. Thetop wire is optionally supported by attachment to intermediate posts 77.

The electrified wires 40, 41 are secured to, and tensioned between, thetwo strainer posts 71, 72. Similarly to the arrangements described aboveand shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the outriggers are distributed along thelength of the trough to support the electrified wires above the troughat a height that is selected to allow animals to feed from either sideof the trough while deterring the animals from walking or trampling onthe trough or the feed material in the trough. The electrified wires, ifcontacted by an animal, can readily swing or move away from a restposition without being substantially deformed or damaged, and can thenreturn back to the rest position after the animal has recoiled from theelectric shock. This arrangement reduces wastage and spoilage of thefeed material which is generally contained within the trough in anunspoiled and uncontaminated condition until consumed by the feedinganimals.

Wire strainers or tensioners (not shown in FIG. 5), for example knownratchet-action wire tensioners, may be fitted in each of the supportwires and/or the top wire to apply and maintain sufficient tension tohelp support the trough side walls and/or to carry the outriggers andelectrified wires above the trough. Electrical insulation (not shown inFIG. 5) may be incorporated to electrically isolate the electrifiedwires 40, 41 from the strainer posts and the intermediate support posts.For example the outriggers 43 and/or hangers 45 may be insulated, and/orin-line insulators may be placed between the ends of the electrifiedwires 40, 41 and the strainer posts 71, 72.

In another trough embodiment (not shown in the figures), the sheetmaterial of the trough body provides a trough bottom and only oneupright side wall. This first trough side wall is supported by atensioned support wire as described above. This single-sided trough bodyis placed against a wall or other suitable barrier which acts as asecond trough side wall. Cross tie wires may be fastened at one end tothe wall or other suitable barrier, with a loop at the other end of eachcross tie wire passing through a perforation in the sheet material atthe first trough side wall to connect with the tensioned support wire inthe manner described above. One edge of the trough bottom is locatedadjacent the base of the wall or barrier. That edge can be secured tothe ground or floor, or to the base of the wall or barrier, by suitablefasteners.

This single-sided arrangement allows animals to feed from only one sideof the trough, unlike the double sided trough arrangements describedabove and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, which allow animals to feed from bothsides.

1. A trough comprising an elongate trough body and at least one elongatesupport element, wherein: the trough body comprises a bottom portion ofthe trough body and at least one side wall portion of the trough body;the side wall portion extends along a longitudinal side of the trough; alower longitudinal edge of the side wall portion is attached to, orcontinuous with, a longitudinal edge of the bottom portion; the at leastone elongate support element extends along the outer face of the sidewall portion and is lower than an upper edge of the side wall portionbut higher than the bottom portion; and the side wall portion ismaintained upright at least in part by tension in the elongate supportelement.
 2. A trough comprising an elongate trough body and at least oneelongate support element, wherein: the trough body comprises a bottomportion of the trough body and at least one side wall portion of thetrough body; the side wall portion extends along a longitudinal side ofthe trough; a lower longitudinal edge of the side wall portion isattached to, or continuous with, a longitudinal edge of the bottomportion; the elongate support element extends along the outer face ofthe side wall portion and is lower than an upper edge of the side wallportion but higher than the bottom portion; at least one restraint islocated substantially inside the trough; the elongate support element isconnected to the restraint and is restrained from moving outward, awayfrom a longitudinal centreline of the trough, at least in part by atension in the restraint; and the side wall portion is maintainedupright at least in part by the tension in the restraint.
 3. A trough asclaimed in claim 2, wherein the restraint extends transversely from oneside of the trough to the other.
 4. A trough as claimed in claim 2 or 3,wherein the restraint is a wire.
 5. A trough as claimed in claim 2, 3 or4 wherein the side wall portion has at least one perforation, and anouter end of the restraint extends outwardly through the perforation toconnect to the elongate support element.
 6. A trough as claimed in anyone of claims 2 to 5, wherein an outer end of the restraint is formedwith a loop through which the elongate support element passes to connectthe elongate support element to the restraint.
 7. A trough as claimed inclaim 2 or 3, wherein the restraint is a substantially rigid U-shapedbracket that extends transversely across the trough.
 8. A trough asclaimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the elongate supportelement is substantially rigid.
 9. A trough as claimed in any one ofclaims 2 to 7, wherein the side wall portion is maintained upright atleast in part by tension in the elongate support element.
 10. A troughas claimed in claim 1 or 9, wherein the elongate support element istensioned between two anchor devices which are located at respectiveends of the elongate support element.
 11. A trough as claimed in any oneof the preceding claims, wherein the elongate support element issupported at a predetermined height at one or more locationsintermediate its ends.
 12. A trough as claimed in any one of thepreceding claims, wherein the elongate support element is a wire.
 13. Atrough as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: the trough bodyhas two opposed side wall portions which extend along respectiveopposite longitudinal sides of the trough the trough has at least twoelongate support elements which extend along respective outer faces ofthe two side wall portions; each side wall portion has perforationswhich are distributed along the length of the trough; the perforationsin one side wall portion are respectively aligned transversely acrossthe trough with corresponding perforations in the opposite side wallportion; and a plurality of restraints are located substantially insidethe trough with opposite ends of each restraint extending outwardlythrough respective pairs of transversely aligned perforations to connectrespectively to the elongate support elements.
 14. A trough as claimedin any one of the preceding claims, wherein the side wall portion isintegral with the bottom portion.
 15. A trough as claimed in any one ofthe preceding claims, wherein the trough body is formed from a sheet.16. A trough as claimed in claim 15, wherein the sheet is continuousalong the length of the trough.
 17. A trough as claimed in claim 15,wherein the trough comprises discrete length portions that aredistributed along the length of the trough, and each discrete lengthportion is formed from a respective sheet.
 18. A trough as claimed inclaim 17, wherein the discrete length portions are distributed along thelength of the trough with adjacent discrete length portions partiallyoverlapping one another.
 19. A trough as claimed in claim 16, 17 or 18,wherein the sheet or each respective sheet is made of a resilientsemi-rigid material.
 20. A trough as claimed in claim 19, wherein thesheet or each respective sheet is made of a plastics material.
 21. Atrough as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the sheet oreach respective sheet is provided with a line of weakness about whichthe sheet or each respective sheet preferentially bends when the sidewall portion is made non-planar with the bottom portion.
 22. A trough asclaimed in claim 21, wherein the sheet or each respective sheet iscreased to provide the line of weakness.
 23. A trough as claimed inclaim 21 or 22, wherein the sheet is provided with perforations alongthe line of weakness.
 24. A trough as claimed in any one of thepreceding claims, wherein the bottom portion is perforated to provideone or more drainage holes.